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3.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec. (Online) ; 73(6): 1422-1430, Nov.-Dec. 2021. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1355676

ABSTRACT

This work was conducted to evaluate the effect of deferred pasture condition of Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu in the late winter on tillering during the growing season. The treatments were three pasture conditions at late winter: short pasture, tall pasture and tall/mown pasture. In September and October, tiller appearance rate (TApR) and tiller mortality rate (TMoR) were greater in the tall/mown pasture. In November and December, tall pasture presented greater TApR. From November to January the TMoR was greater in the tall pasture. The tiller stability index of short and tall/mown pastures were greater in October. The short pasture presented a greater tiller number than the tall and tall/mown pastures during the entire experimental period. Deferred and short pasture of marandu palisade grass at late winter presents in general lower tiller mortality and higher population density of tillers from the early spring onwards, in comparison to tall pasture. The mowing of marandu palisade grass with high forage mass at the late winter, although it only temporarily compromises the population stability of tillers, also stimulates its fast tillering from spring on.(AU)


Este trabalho foi conduzido com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito da condição da pastagem diferida de Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu ao final do inverno sobre o perfilhamento durante a estação de crescimento. Os tratamentos foram três condições de pastagem no final do inverno: pasto baixo, pasto alto e pasto alto/roçado. Nos meses de setembro e outubro, a taxa de aparecimento de perfilhos (TApP) e a taxa de mortalidade de perfilhos (TMoP) foram maiores na pastagem alta/roçada. Nos meses de novembro e dezembro, a pastagem alta apresentou maior TApP. De novembro a janeiro, a TMoP foi maior na pastagem alta. Os índices de estabilidade de perfilhos das pastagens baixas e altas/roçadas foram maiores em outubro. A pastagem baixa apresentou maior número de perfilhos do que as pastagens altas e altas/roçadas durante todo o período experimental. A pastagem diferida e baixa de capim-marandu no final do inverno apresenta, em geral, menor mortalidade de perfilhos e maior densidade populacional de perfilhos no início da primavera, em comparação com a pastagem alta. A roçada do capim-marandu com alta massa de forragem ao final do inverno, embora comprometa apenas temporariamente a estabilidade populacional dos perfilhos, também estimula o perfilhamento rápido a partir da primavera.(AU)


Subject(s)
Seasons , Pasture/analysis , Brachiaria/growth & development
4.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec. (Online) ; 73(6): 1413-1421, Nov.-Dec. 2021. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1355684

ABSTRACT

The objective this study was to identify differences in the morphogenic patterns of four Urochloa brizantha cultivars (marandu, piatã, xaraés and paiaguás grasses) during the stockpiling period. A completely randomized design was used, with three replications, in experimental plots of 9m². The evaluations took place over 2 years. The grasses were stockpiled for 92 (Year 1) and 95 (Year 2) days. The leaf appearance rate of paiaguás grass was higher, compared to other grasses. In Year 1, the stem elongation rate of xaraés grass was higher than other grasses. At the end of stockpiling period of Year 1, the tiller population density (TPD) was higher in the paiaguás grass, intermediate in the xaraés and marandu grasses and lower in the piatã grass. At the end of the stockpiling period in Year 2, TPD was higher in the paiaguás grass canopy, intermediate in the marandu and piatã grasses canopies, and lower in the xaraés grass canopy. Paiaguás grass has greater leaf growth during the stockpiling period and is therefore suitable for use under stockpiled grazing. Xaraés grass has high stem elongation during the stockpiling period, which is why its use under stockpiled grazing must be accompanied by adjustments in pasture management.(AU)


O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar diferenças nos padrões morfogênicos de quatro cultivares de Urochloa brizantha (marandu, piatã, xaraés e paiaguás) durante o período de diferimento. Foi utilizado o delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, com três repetições, em parcelas experimentais de 9m². As avaliações ocorreram por dois anos. Os capins foram diferidos por 92 (Ano 1) e 95 (Ano 2) dias. A taxa de aparecimento foliar do capim-paiaguás foi maior, em comparação aos demais capins. No Ano 1, a taxa de alongamento do colmo do capim-xaraés foi superior aos demais capins. No final do diferimento do Ano 1, a densidade populacional de perfilho (DPP) foi maior no capim-paiaguás, intermediária nos capins xaraés e marandu e inferior no capim-piatã. No fim do período de diferimento do Ano 2, a DPP foi superior no dossel de capim-paiaguás, intermediária nos dosséis dos capins marandu e piatã, e menor no dossel de capim-xaraés. O capim-paiaguás tem maior crescimento foliar durante o período de diferimento, sendo, portanto, apropriado para uso sob pastejo diferido. O capim-xaraés apresenta elevado alongamento de colmo durante o período de diferimento, razão pela qual seu uso sob pastejo diferido deve vir acompanhado de ajustes no manejo da pastagem.(AU)


Subject(s)
Plant Stems , Brachiaria/growth & development , Morphogenesis/physiology
5.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec. (Online) ; 73(6): 1403-1412, Nov.-Dec. 2021. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1355685

ABSTRACT

The objective was to identify lowering strategies for Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu in the beginning of the stockpiling period that increase forage production and improve the structure of stockpiled canopies. Three lowering strategies were evaluated: maintenance of marandu palisade grass with 15cm four months before the stockpiling period; maintenance of palisade grass with 30cm for four months, and lowering to 15cm before the stockpiling period; and maintaining of palisade grass at 45cm for four months, and lowering to 15cm before the stockpiling period. The experimental design was completely randomized, with four replications. At the end of stockpiling, the number of reproductive tillers and forage mass were higher in the canopy under 15/15cm than in the others; the percentage of live leaf was higher in the canopy under 45/15cm than under 15/15cm. Forage production during the stockpiling period was higher in the canopy under 15/15cm and lower in the under 45/15cm. Maintaining 15cm marandu palisadegrass for four months before the stockpiling period increases forage production during this period. The lowering of the marandu palisadegrass from 45 to 15cm at the beginning of the stockpiling period improves the structure of the stockpiled canopy.(AU)


Objetivou-se identificar estratégias de rebaixamento da Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu no início do diferimento, as quais resultem em aumento da produção e em melhoria da estrutura do dossel diferido. Foram avaliadas três estratégias de rebaixamento no início do diferimento: manutenção do capim-marandu com 15cm por quatro meses antes do início do diferimento; manutenção do capim-marandu com 30cm por quatro mese, e rebaixamento para 15cm no início do diferimento; e manutenção do capim com 45cm por quatro meses e rebaixamento para 15cm no início do diferimento. O delineamento foi inteiramente ao acaso, com quatro repetições. No fim do diferimento, o número de perfilho reprodutivo e a massa de forragem foram superiores no dossel sob 15/15cm do que nos demais; a percentagem de folha viva foi maior no dossel sob 45/15cm do que sob 15/15cm. A produção de forragem durante o diferimento foi superior no dossel sob 15/15cm e inferior no sob 45/15cm. A manutenção do capim-marandu com 15cm por quatro meses antes do período de diferimento aumenta a produção de forragem neste período. O rebaixamento do capim-marandu de 45 para 15cm no início do diferimento melhora a estrutura do dossel diferido.(AU)


Subject(s)
24444 , Plant Leaves/anatomy & histology , Brachiaria/growth & development
6.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec. (Online) ; 72(6): 2339-2347, Nov.-Dec. 2020. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1142298

ABSTRACT

Objetivou-se avaliar as características estruturais e a produção de forragem do capim-piatã submetido à combinação de duas frequências de corte (95% e máxima interceptação de luz pelo dossel forrageiro, ILmax) e duas alturas pós-corte (15 e 20cm), no período de janeiro de 2012 a março de 2013. O delineamento utilizado foi em blocos ao acaso, com três repetições, em esquema fatorial 2x2, totalizando 12 unidades experimentais de 14m2 cada. Foram avaliadas as seguintes variáveis-respostas: altura do dossel no pré-corte, intervalo de corte, índice de área foliar pré e pós-corte, taxa de produção de forragem e as percentagens de colmo, folha e forragem morta na forragem produzida. A altura pré-corte decresceu durante o experimento (de 65,81 para 34,03cm), sendo a menor altura observada no dossel sob alta frequência de desfolhação (95% de IL). A taxa de produção de forragem foi maior nas épocas favoráveis ao crescimento da gramínea forrageira. As percentagens de folha, colmo e forragem morta foram semelhantes entre as frequências de corte. Assim, o capim-piatã sob manejo de desfolhação intermitente pode ser colhido com qualquer combinação de frequências de corte de 95% e ou máxima interceptação de luz, e alturas pós-corte de 15 ou 20cm.(AU)


The objective of this study was to evaluate the structural characteristics and forage production of the piatã grass submitted to the combination of two cutting frequencies (95% and maximum interception of light by the forage canopy, ILmax) and two post cutting heights (15 and 20cm) in the period from January 2012 to March 2013. The design was a randomized complete block with three replications, in a 2x2 factorial scheme, totaling 12 experimental units of 14m2 each. The following variables were evaluated: pre-cut canopy height, cut interval, pre and post-cut leaf area index, forage yield rate, and percentage of stem, leaf and dead forage in the forage produced. The pre-cut height decreased during the experiment (from 65.81 to 34.03cm), with the lowest height observed in the canopy under high frequency of defoliation (95% IL). The rate of forage production was higher in the seasons favorable to forage grass growth. The percentages of leaf, stem and dead fodder were similar between cut-off frequencies. Thus, piatã grass under intermittent defoliation management can be harvested with any combination of 95% and maximum light interception cut frequencies, and post cutting heights of 15 or 20cm.(AU)


Subject(s)
24444 , Brachiaria/anatomy & histology , Brachiaria/growth & development
7.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec. (Online) ; 71(6): 2057-2064, Nov.-Dec. 2019. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1055114

ABSTRACT

Objetivou-se avaliar o perfilhamento da Brachiaria brizantha cv. Piatã, como base para identificação das frequências e alturas pós-corte mais adequadas para essa gramínea forrageira. Em um esquema fatorial 2 x 2, foram estudadas combinações entre duas frequências de corte (95% e máxima interceptação de luz, ILmax) e duas alturas pós-corte (15 e 20cm). O delineamento foi em blocos ao acaso, com três repetições, totalizando 12 unidades experimentais de 14m2 cada. Foram avaliadas as taxas de aparecimento (TApP) e de mortalidade (TMoP) de perfilhos, o índice de estabilidade (IE) e a densidade populacional de perfilhos. A maior TApP no dossel sob IL de 95% ocorreu no Verão 1, em comparação às demais épocas. Nos dosséis manejados com ILmax, a TApP foi superior no Verão 1 e no Outono, quando comparados às outras épocas. No Verão 1 e no Final da Primavera e Verão 2, houve as maiores TMoP para as duas frequências de corte avaliadas. No Outono, a TMoP também foi alta no dossel cortado com ILmáx. O IE foi menor durante o Verão 1 no dossel sob ILmax e com 15cm de resíduo (0,995). Porém, nas demais épocas, os valores de índice de estabilidade foram maiores que uma unidade e não foram influenciados pela frequência e altura pós-corte. A densidade populacional de perfilhos foi menor no Verão 1, em comparação às demais épocas. O capim-piatã pode ser desfolhado com qualquer combinação entre as interceptações de luz, 95% e ILmax, e alturas pós-corte, 15 ou 20cm, sem prejudicar a persistência do pasto.(AU)


The aim of this study was to evaluate the tillering of Brachiaria brizantha cv. Piatã, as a basis for identifying the frequencies and post-cutting heights most suitable for this grass. In a 2 x 2 factorial scheme, combinations between two cut frequencies (95% and maximum light interception, IL max ) and two post-cut heights (15 and 20cm) were studied. The experimental design was in randomized blocks with 3 replicates, totaling 12 experimental units of 14m 2 each. Rates of appearance (TAR) and mortality (TMR) of tillers, the stability index and the population density of tillers were evaluated. The highest TAR in the canopy under 95% IL occurred in Summer 1, in comparison to the other seasons. In the canopies managed with IL max , TAR was higher in summer 1 and in autumn, when compared to other seasons. In summer 1 and at the end of spring and summer 2, there were the highest TMR for the two cutoff frequencies evaluated. In autumn, TMR was also high in the canopy cut with IL max . IE was lower during summer 1 in the canopy under IL max and 15cm of residue (0.995). However, at other times, stability index values were greater than one unit and were not influenced by post-cut frequency and height. The population density of tillers was lower in Summer 1, when compared to the other seasons. The piata grass may be defoliated with any combination of light intercepts, 95% and ILmax, and post-cut heights, 15 or 20cm, without impairing the persistence of pasture.(AU)


Subject(s)
Sunlight , Plant Physiological Phenomena , Brachiaria/growth & development
8.
Rev. med. vet. zoot ; 65(2): 121-129, mayo-ago. 2018. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-978668

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Con el objetivo de establecer los límites de referencia de analitos hematológicos de cabras adultas de razas productoras de leche clínicamente sanas, sujetas al manejo y a las características de los sistemas de producción intensiva del Altiplano Mexicano, se recolectaron y analizaron muestras de sangre de cabras de 2 o más años de edad en diferentes etapas de producción. Con los resultados se obtuvieron los límites de referencia para hematocrito, cuenta de eritrocitos, volumen globular medio (VGM), plaquetas, sólidos totales, fibrinógeno, cuenta de leucocitos, neutrófilos segmentados, neutrófilos en banda, linfocitos, monocitos, eosinófilos y basófilos. Las medias obtenidas para cada analito fueron: hematocrito (0,22-0,36 L/L), cuenta de eritrocitos (9,07-18,47 x1012/L), volumen globular medio (VGM) (14,44-27,91), plaquetas (229-3 1 63 x109/L), solidos totales (65,64-84,64 g/L), fibrinógeno (0-6 g/L), cuenta de leucocitos (3,75-11,47 x109/L), neutrófilos segmentados (0,95-4,98 x109/L), neutrófilos en banda (0-0,16 x109/L), linfocitos (1,76-6,44 x109/L), monocitos (0-0,65 x109/L), eosinófilos (0-1,36 x109/L) y basófilos (0 - 0,37 x109/L). Estos valores se compararon con los obtenidos en otros estudios similares, y se encontraron algunas diferencias mayoritariamente en los valores obtenidos para hematocrito, eritrocitos, VGM, plaquetas, leucocitos y linfocitos, lo cual se debe a las diferencias en condiciones medioambientales y de alimientación entre los estudios.


ABSTRACT With the aim to establish the hematological analyte reference limits of clinically healthy adult goats of dairy producing breeds, subjected to the handling and characteristics of intensive production systems in the Mexican Plateau, the blood samples of 2-year old and older goats at different production stages were collected and analyzed. Reference limits (interval in brackets) for hematocrit (0.22-0.36 L/L), erythrocyte count (9.07-18.47 x1012/L), mean cell volume (MCV) (14.44-27.91 fL), platelets (229-3163 x109/L), total solids (65.64-84.64 g/L), fibrinogen (0-6 g/L), leukocyte count (3.75-11.47 x109/L), segmented neutrophils (0.95-4.98 x109/L), band neutrophils (0-0.16 x109/L), lymphocytes (1.76-6.44 x109/L), monocytes (0-0.65 x109/L), eosinophils (0-1.36 x109/L) and basophils (0-0.37 x109/L) were obtained. These values were compared with similar study results. Differences were found mainly in the values for hematocrit, erythrocytes, MCV, platelets, total leukocytes, and lymphocytes; this is due to environmental and feeding differences between the studies.

9.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec ; 69(1): 214-224, jan.-fev. 2017. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-836702

ABSTRACT

O presente trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar a sensibilidade dos valores genéticos dos pesos corporais e as características de carcaças de codornas europeias às mudanças do gradiente ambiental (níveis da relação treonina com a lisina das dietas), do nascimento aos 21 dias de idade, por meio de modelos de regressão aleatória com diferentes classes de variância residual. Os dados utilizados neste estudo são provenientes de 915 codornas de corte da linhagem LF1 e 839 da linhagem LF2, pertencentes ao Programa de Melhoramento Genético da Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri. Foram avaliados os pesos corporais e os rendimentos da carcaça das aves. As sensibilidades dos valores genéticos às mudanças nos níveis da relação treonina:lisina (interação genótipo x ambiente) foram obtidas por modelos de regressão aleatória (utilizando normas de reação) por meio do programa Wombat, que utiliza o princípio da máxima verossimilhança restrita (REML). O modelo de regressão aleatória que considerou duas classes de variância residual foi o mais indicado para a maioria das análises realizadas. Verificaram-se alterações na classificação dos valores genéticos para as duas linhagens de codornas de corte estudadas. Esse comportamento indica sensibilidade de valores genéticos aditivos às mudanças nutricionais, o que caracteriza a existência de interação genótipo x ambiente. A predição dos valores genéticos deve ser feita com o mesmo nível da relação treonina:lisina da dieta com a qual as codornas serão alimentadas no sistema de produção.(AU)


This research was carried out to evaluate the sensitivity of breeding values of body weight and carcass traits in two lines of European quails (LF1 and LF2) to changes in the environment gradient (levels of threonine: lysine ratio of diets) from hatch to 21 days of age in two lines LF1 and LF2 using Random Regression Models with different classes of residual variance. Records are from 915 quails of line LF1 and 839 of line LF2 belonging to the Breeding Improvement Program of Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri. Live body weight and weights and yields of carcass, breast, and thigh and drumstick were measured. The sensitivities of breeding values to changes in threonine: lysine ratios (genotype x environment interaction) of diets were obtained by random regression models (reaction model) using the WOMBAT program using the Restricted Maximum Likelihood principle. Model considering two classes of residual variance showed the best goodness of fit. The Reaction Norms analyses indicated changes in the ranking of breeding values for both lines suggesting quails selected in one level of threonine: lysine ratio will not express all their genetic potential if fed different threonine: lysine ratio diets. This behavior indicates sensitivity of breeding values to changes in the nutrition characterizing the genotype by environment interaction. The prediction of breeding values must be performed using the same level of threonine: lysine ratio in diet the quails will be fed in the production system.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Coturnix/genetics , Coturnix/growth & development , Diet/veterinary , Genetic Heterogeneity , Lysine/analysis , Threonine/analysis , Genetic Phenomena/genetics
11.
Rev. chil. nutr ; 43(2): 209-216, jun. 2016. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-789452

ABSTRACT

Las tablas y bases de datos de composición de alimentos (TCA/BDCA) son herramientas de valoración dietética. Objetivo: identificar las diferentes TCA empleadas como instrumento para estimar ingesta de nutrientes en Ecuador. La recogida de información se realizó a través de informadores-clave, cuestionarios auto-administrados, complementadas con búsquedas webs institucionales. A las TCA/BDCA identificadas se realizó análisis de contenido sobre variables generales y metodológicas. TCA referidas: Ecuatoriana-1965 (70%), INCAP (60%), México (60%). Se reportaron 7 TCA y 3 BDCA, 8 Latinoamericanas y 2 Españolas. Una TCA elaborada por método-directo (ecuatoriana), 7 por método-indirecto, 2 sin-información. 6 TCA/BDCA definieron nutrientes, 9 refirieron valores (100g/ porción-comestible). Para realizar una correcta estimacion de ingesta, es necesario contar con una TCA ecuatoriana actualizada. Ecuatoriana-1965 presenta pocos alimentos analizados y, métodos analíticos no-actualizados. Las autoras aconsejan el uso de TCA-INCAP, dado que la lista de alimentos refleja similitud con alimentos ecuatorianos. Además INCAP dispone BDCA para incorporar recetas.


Tables and food composition databases (FCT/FCDB) are tools used for dietetic evaluation. Objective: to identify different FCT used as an instrument to estimate the nutrient intake in Ecuador. The collection of data was made through key informants -self completed questionnaires-, supplemented with institutional web research. An analysis of content was performed to the identified FCT/FCDB by general and methodological variables. Referenced tables were: Ecuadorian-1965 (70%), INCAP (60%), México (60%). 7 FCT and 3 FCDB were reported, 8 from Latin America and 2 from Spain. One table was constructed by direct method (Ecuadorian-table), 7 by indirect, and 1 had no Information. 6 FCT/FCDB defined the nutrients, 9 expressed values per (100g/ edible portion). In order to asses a proper ingest in Ecuador, it is necessary to have an updated ecuadorian FCT, Ecuadorian-1965 shows few analyzed foods and, not updated analytic techniques. The authors recommend the usage of FCT-INCAP, due to its food list reflects similarities with ecuadorian foods. In addition, INCAP disposes of a FCDB in which ecuadorian recipes can be included.


Subject(s)
Humans , Food , Eating , Food Composition , Food , Nutritional Status , Nutritional Facts
12.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec ; 68(3): 733-738, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: lil-785703

ABSTRACT

O presente experimento foi conduzido para determinar as exigências de lisina digestível para frangos de corte (linhagem Redbro), machos e fêmeas, durante o período de crescimento. Foram utilizados 630 frangos, alojados em 30 boxes com acesso à área de pastejo. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente ao acaso, em esquema fatorial 5x2 (lisina e sexo), e três repetições com 21 aves cada. Os níveis de lisina digestível avaliados foram: 7,07; 8,07; 9,07; 10,07 e 11,07g/kg. Avaliou-se o consumo de lisina, o consumo de ração, o ganho de peso e a conversão alimentar. Observou-se efeito de interação (P<0,05) entre os níveis de lisina e sexo para o ganho de peso. Houve efeito (P<0,01) dos níveis de lisina sobre o consumo de lisina, o ganho de peso e a conversão alimentar. Verificou-se que todas as variáveis foram influenciadas (P<0,05) pelo sexo dos frangos. Recomendam-se 10,08 e 9,49g de lisina digestível/kg de ração, correspondendo ao consumo estimado de 21 e 20g de lisina, para machos e fêmeas, respectivamente, para melhor ganho de peso das aves. Para melhor conversão alimentar, recomendam-se 9,61g de lisina digestível/kg, para frangos de ambos os sexos, correspondendo ao consumo estimado de 20g de lisina.(AU)


This experiment was conducted to determine the requirements of digestible lysine in male and female free-range broiler chickens (Redbro lineage) during the growth phase. Six hundred and thirty broiler chickens were allocated in 30 pens with access to the pasture area. The experimental design was completely randomized in a 5x2 (lysine and gender) factorial arrangement with 3 repetitions with 21 chickens each. The levels of digestible lysine evaluated were: 7.07, 8.07, 9.07, 10.07 and 11.07g/kg. The performance traits evaluated were lysine intake, feed intake, weight gain and feed conversion ratio. An interaction effect (P<0.05) was observed between dietary lysine level and gender for body weight gain. There was an effect (P<0.01) of the levels of lysine on lysine intake, body weight gain and feed conversion ratio. It was found that all the variables were affected (P<0.05) for the gender of chickens. We recommended 10.08 and 9.49 g of digestible lysine/kg diet, corresponding to the estimated intake of 21 and 20g of lysine, for males and females, respectively, for better body weight gain of chickens. For better feed conversion ratio, the recommendation is of 9.61 g of lysine/kg of diets, for chickens of both genders, corresponding to the estimated intake of 20g of lysine.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Animal Feed/adverse effects , Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena , Chickens/growth & development , Pasture , Weight Gain , Amino Acids , Lysine , Poultry
13.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec ; 66(4): 1051-1059, 08/2014. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-722564

ABSTRACT

Foram avaliados e comparados, para fins de validação, dois diferentes métodos de mensuração de pressão arterial sistólica (PAS), não invasivos ou indiretos (oscilométrico e Doppler vascular) com o invasivo ou direto (cateterização arterial - padrão ouro), em 12 gatos hígidos anestesiados de idade variando entre sete meses e dois anos. Em cada animal, procedeu-se à mensuração simultânea da pressão não invasiva e da invasiva. O método oscilométrico foi comparado, por meio de sete medidas consecutivas, com intervalo de 30 segundos entre elas, com o método invasivo, e, logo em seguida, o método Doppler foi comparado ao método invasivo da mesma maneira. Concluiu-se que o método oscilométrico é estatisticamente igual ao método invasivo, enquanto o Doppler difere de ambos. Entretanto, pela forte correlação positiva entre os métodos Doppler e invasivo, foi possível criar um fator de correção (equação de regressão linear) para se determinar o valor da pressão invasiva, a partir do valor obtido pelo método Doppler. Para obtenção de valores mais fidedignos, recomenda-se a utilização desse fator de correção quando o método Doppler for utilizado para mensuração de PAS em gatos anestesiados.


For validation purposes, two different methods of measurement of systolic blood pressure (SBP), noninvasive or indirect (oscillometric and vascular doppler), direct or invasive (arterial catheterization - the gold standard) were evaluated and compared in 12 healthy anesthetized cats, varying between seven months to two years old. In each animal, we proceeded to the simultaneous noninvasive and invasive measurement of pressure. The oscillometric method was compared by means of seven consecutive measurements with an interval of 30 seconds between them, with the invasive method, and soon after, the doppler method was compared to the invasive method in the same way. It was concluded that the oscillometric method is statistically equal to the invasive method, whereas doppler differs from both. However, due to the strong positive correlation between doppler and invasive methods, it was possible to create a correction factor (linear regression) to determine the value of invasive pressure from the value obtained by the doppler method. To obtain more reliable figures, it is recommended to use this correction factor when the doppler method is used to measure SBP in anesthetized cats.


Subject(s)
Animals , Cats , Anesthesia/veterinary , Blood Pressure Determination/veterinary , Femoral Artery , Cats/physiology , Blood Pressure Monitors/veterinary , Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures/veterinary , Arterial Pressure , Equipment and Supplies/veterinary
14.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec ; 65(5): 1519-1526, out. 2013. ilus, graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-689772

ABSTRACT

Foi proposta uma metodologia para avaliação genética de curvas de crescimento considerando-se informações de marcadores SNPs (Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms). Em um primeiro passo foram ajustados modelos de crescimento não lineares (logístico) aos dados de peso-idade de cada animal, e em um segundo passo as estimativas dos parâmetros de tais modelos foram consideradas como fenótipos em um modelo de regressão (LASSO Bayesiano - BL) cujas covariáveis foram os genótipos dos marcadores SNPs. Este enfoque possibilitou estimar os valores genéticos genômicos (GBV) para peso em qualquer tempo da trajetória de crescimento, refletindo na confecção de curvas de crescimento genômicas, as quais permitiram a identificação de grupos de indivíduos geneticamente superiores em relação à eficiência de crescimento. Os dados simulados utilizados neste estudo foram constituídos de 2000 indivíduos (1000 na população de treinamento e 1000 na população de validação) contendo 453 marcadores SNPs distribuídos sobre cinco cromossomos. Os resultados indicaram a alta eficiência do método BL em predizer GBVs da população de validação com base na população de treinamento (coeficientes de correlação variaram entre 0,79 e 0,93), bem como a alta eficiência na detecção de QTLs, uma vez que os marcadores com maiores efeitos estimados encontravam-se em posições dos cromossomos próximas àquelas nas quais se encontravam os verdadeiros QTLs postulados na simulação.


A methodology was proposed for the genetic evaluation of growth curves considering SNP (Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms) markers. At the first step, nonlinear regression growth models (Logistic) were fitted to the weight-age of each animal, and on second step the parameter estimates of the Logistic model were used as phenotype in a regression model (Bayesian LASSO - BL) which covariates were given by SNP genotypes. This approach allows the estimation of GBV (Genomic Breeding Values) for weight at either time of growth trajectory, allowing also the production of genomic growth curves, which selected groups of individuals with larger growth efficiency. The simulated data set was constituted of 2,000 individuals (being 1,000 in the training and 1,000 in the validation population) each one with 453 SNP markers distributed along 5 chromosomes. The results indicated high efficiency of the BL method to predict GBV in the validation population using information from the training population (correlation coefficients varying between 0.79 and 0.93). The BL also presented high efficiency to detect QTL, once the most expressive estimated SNP effects were located at positions closed to true QTL position fixed in the simulation.


Subject(s)
Animals , Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/physiology , Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics , Genomic Imprinting , Genes/genetics
15.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 44(2): 130-139, Feb. 2011. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-573656

ABSTRACT

Pulmonary remodeling is an important feature of asthma physiopathology that can contribute to irreversible changes in lung function. Although neurokinins influence lung inflammation, their exact role in the extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling remains to be determined. Our objective was to investigate whether inactivation of capsaicin-sensitive nerves modulates pulmonary ECM remodeling in animals with chronic lung inflammation. After 14 days of capsaicin (50 mg/kg, sc) or vehicle administration, male Hartley guinea pigs weighing 250-300 g were submitted to seven inhalations of increasing doses of ovalbumin (1, 2.5, and 5 mg/mL) or saline for 4 weeks. Seventy-two hours after the seventh inhalation, animals were anesthetized and mechanically ventilated and the lung mechanics and collagen and elastic fiber content in the airways, vessels and lung parenchyma were evaluated. Ovalbumin-exposed animals presented increasing collagen and elastic fiber content, respectively, in the airways (9.2 ± 0.9; 13.8 ± 1.2), vessels (19.8 ± 0.8; 13.4 ± 0.5) and lung parenchyma (9.2 ± 0.9; 13.8 ± 1.2) compared to control (P < 0.05). Capsaicin treatment reduced collagen and elastic fibers, respectively, in airways (1.7 ± 1.1; 7.9 ± 1.5), vessels (2.8 ± 1.1; 4.4 ± 1.1) and lung tissue (2.8 ± 1.1; 4.4 ± 1.1) of ovalbumin-exposed animals (P < 0.05). These findings were positively correlated with lung mechanical responses to antigenic challenge (P < 0.05). In conclusion, inactivation of capsaicin-sensitive nerve fibers reduces pulmonary remodeling, particularly collagen and elastic fibers, which contributes to the attenuation of pulmonary functional parameters.


Subject(s)
Animals , Guinea Pigs , Male , Airway Remodeling/drug effects , Asthma/pathology , Capsaicin/pharmacology , Collagen/drug effects , Elastic Tissue/drug effects , Extracellular Matrix/drug effects , Lung/drug effects , Asthma/metabolism , Chronic Disease , Collagen/metabolism , Denervation , Elastic Tissue/metabolism , Extracellular Matrix/metabolism , Lung/pathology , Ovalbumin
17.
Rev. chil. cir ; 60(2): 98-102, abr. 2008. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-497974

ABSTRACT

La hernioplastia de Lichtenstein es en la actualidad una de las técnicas más utilizadas en la reparación de hernia inguinal por su baja morbilidad y recurrencia y la reproducibilidad de sus resultados. Sin embargo, no está exenta de problemas postoperatorios como dolor e irritación local crónica atribuidos a las suturas para la fijación de la malla. El propósito del presente trabajo es mostrar los resultados a corto plazo utilizando en esta técnica un adhesivo biodegradable como medio de fijación, en reemplazo de suturas. Material y Método: Estudio prospectivo de 13 pacientes con hernia inguinal, 5 de ellas bilaterales, operados con la técnica de Lichtenstein, con un total de 18 hernioplastias. Para la fijación de la malla de polipropileno se empleó N-butil-cianocrilato. La edad media del grupo fue 45,8 años, con extremos de 25 y 62. El 84,6 por ciento fueron de sexo masculino. El 50 por ciento y 39 por ciento eran, respectivamente, hernias tipo II y Illa de Nyhus. Se excluyeron las hernias crurales y recidivadas. Se incluye una escala lineal análoga de 0 a 10 para evaluación del dolor postoperatorio. Seguimiento a corto plazo, media 8 meses, con extremos de 1 a 18 meses. Resultados: Estadía hospitalaria media 1,46 días. Escala lineal del dolor media 1er día 1,8 + 1,1 y 7º día 0. Evolución satisfactoria en todos los casos. Un paciente presenta hematoma leve en postoperatorio inmediato, de resolución espontánea. No hubo complicaciones mayores ni atribuibles al adhesivo. Sin recurrencias hasta cierre del estudio. Conclusiones: El N-butil-cianocrilato, para fijación de la malla en la técnica de Lichtenstein, presentó buenos resultados inmediatos, reforzando los beneficios y características de libre de tensión de la técnica, evitando la morbilidad del uso de suturas. Por otra parte, los costos de suturas y cantidad de adhesivo son comparables en su utilización.


Background: Lichtenstein hemioplasty is one of de most popular methods for inguinal hernia repair, due to its low rate of complications and recurrence. However it has some postoperative problems such as pain and local chronic irritations attributed to sutures for mesh fixation. Aim: To report the short term results of the use of a biodegradable adhesive to fix the mesh in Lichtenstein technique, instead of sutures. Material and Methods: Prospective study of 13 patients aged 25 to 62 years (11 men) with inguinal hernia, 5 bilateral, who were subjected to 18 hernia repair procedures, using Lichtenstein tension-free technique. The mesh fixed with the tissue adhesive, N-butyl-cyanocrylate. According to Nyhus hernia classification, 50 percent were type II, and 39 percent type Ilia. Femoral and recurrent hernias were excluded. A lineal analogue scale, from 0 to 10 was used to evaluate postoperative pain. The median follow-up was 8 months (range 1-18 months). Results: Mean hospital stay was 1.5 days. Mean pain score was 1.8 + 1.1 in the first postoperative day, and 0 at the 7th day. All had a good postoperative evolution. One patient had a hematoma that resolved spontaneously. No adhesive-related complications and no recurrences were seen. Conclusions: Good short term results were obtained using the he adhesive N-butyl-cyanocrylate, to fix the mesh in Lichtenstein hernioplasty.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Tissue Adhesives/therapeutic use , Enbucrilate/therapeutic use , Hernia, Inguinal/surgery , Chile/epidemiology , Cyanoacrylates/therapeutic use , Pain, Postoperative/diagnosis , Hernia, Inguinal/classification , Length of Stay , Prospective Studies , Recurrence , Surgical Mesh
18.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 39(2): 253-261, Feb. 2006. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-420277

ABSTRACT

Although Helicobacter heilmannii infection is less common than H. pylori infection in humans, it is considered to be of medical importance because of its association with gastritis, gastric ulcer, carcinoma, and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma of the stomach. However, there have been no studies evaluating the role of the Th cell response in H. heilmannii gastric infection. We evaluated the participation of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, IFN-gamma and IL-4, in H. heilmannii gastric infection in genetically IFN-gamma- or IL-4-deficient mice. The serum IFN-gamma and IL-4 concentrations were determined by ELISA. The gastric polymorphonuclear infiltrate was higher (P = 0.007) in H. heilmannii-positive than in H. heilmannii-negative wild-type (WT) C57BL/6 mice, whereas no significant inflammation was demonstrable in the stomach of H. heilmannii-positive IFN-gamma-/- C57BL/6 mice. The degree of gastric inflammatory cells, especially in oxyntic mucosa, was also higher (P = 0.007) in infected IL-4-/- than in WT BALB/c mice. Serum IFN-gamma levels were significantly higher in IL-4-/- than in WT BALB/c mice, independently of H. heilmannii-positive or -negative status. Although no difference in serum IFN-gamma levels was seen between H. heilmannii-positive (11.3 ± 3.07 pg/mL, mean ± SD) and -negative (11.07 ± 3.5 pg/mL) WT BALB/c mice, in the group of IL-4-/- animals, the serum concentration of IFN-g was significantly higher in the infected ones (38.16 ± 10.5 pg/mL, P = 0.04). In contrast, serum IL-4 levels were significantly decreased in H. heilmannii-positive (N = 10) WT BALB/c animals compared to the negative (N = 10) animals. In conclusion, H. heilmannii infection induces a predominantly Th1 immune response, with IFN-gamma playing a central role in gastric inflammation.


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Mice , Gastritis/microbiology , Helicobacter Infections/immunology , Helicobacter heilmannii/immunology , Interferon-gamma/immunology , /immunology , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Gastritis/immunology , Gastritis/pathology , Helicobacter Infections/microbiology , Helicobacter Infections/pathology , Immunity, Cellular , Interferon-gamma/physiology , /physiology , Mice, Inbred BALB C , Mice, Knockout , Th1 Cells/immunology
19.
Braz. j. infect. dis ; 8(2): 133-139, Apr. 2004. mapas, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-365406

ABSTRACT

In 1999, on the occasion of the application of the first vaccine dose during the state vaccination campaign against hepatitis B virus (HBV), 390 individuals from the town of Rio Branco, Acre, aged two or more years were selected for the determination of the seroprevalence of HBV and HCV. HBV markers (HBsAg, anti-HBs, and anti-HBc IgG) were determined on this occasion and anti-HBs antibodies were also assessed 30 days after the third vaccine dose. At the time of vaccination, 39 percent of the individuals were still susceptible to HBV, while 61 percent presented serologic evidence of previous HBV contact or previous vaccination. The individuals with previous HBV contact were significantly older (p<0.001) than those without HBV markers. Of the 192 individuals who returned for reexamination, 30 days after the third dose, 158 (82.3 percent) had received three vaccine doses, and only 60 (31.2 percent) belonged to the group without HBV markers. In these individuals, the seroconversion rate after the third dose was 92 percent (55/60). In conclusion, we found considerable HBV in this population, indicating the need for pursuing the immunization programs. We also found high rates of vaccination coverage in the Western Brazilian Amazon region.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Hepatitis B , Hepatitis B Vaccines , Hepatitis C , Biomarkers , Brazil , Pilot Projects , Seroepidemiologic Studies
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